![]() ![]() Neurochemical studies are inconclusive. The main pathophysiologic feature of central hypersomnias is a defect in the arousal CNS system rather than hyperactivity of sleep centers. ![]() The prevalence of IH increased in the last decade by 32% (from 7.8 to 10.3 per 100,000 persons) in both men and women equally. Usually, idiopathic hypersomnia is considered a disorder of neurological origin, classified as a central disorder of hypersomnolence others include narcolepsy, type 1 and type 2, and Kleine-Levin syndrome, which commonly occurs in the young or teenagers, with the mean age of symptom onset being 17 years and the mean age of diagnosis being 30 years.Īpproximately one-third of cases have a positive family history, with family members having IH or other central disorders of hypersomnolence such as narcolepsy. IH has the lowest rate compared to narcolepsy type 1 and type 2 (approximately 82%, 13%, and 5%, respectively). EpidemiologyĪlthough central hypersomnia is considered a continuum, the rate of its subtypes differs. įurthermore, dysregulation of micro RNA (miRNAs) has been reported to play a role in the etiology of central hypersomnias, including IH. In addition, recent studies linked IH to immune reactivity between a vaccine antigen and antigen on neural cells, suggesting an abnormal immune process playing a role in the etiology of IH mimicking narcolepsy. Another genetic variant thought to play a role is the homozygous PER2 variant. Specifically, it was found that subgroups of IH are associated with reduced signaling of orexin via variant in the cleavage site of prepro-orexin. Rare genetic predisposition was recently suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of IH. The etiology of IH is unclear. Triggers include Abrupt change in sleep-wake habits, overexertion, general anesthesia, Viral illness, and mild head trauma. This article will review etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and the treatment of IH in adults. The condition's pathophysiology is poorly understood, making diagnosing and managing to challenge for clinicians. Idiopathic hypersomnia is considered a disorder of neurological origin, classified as a central disorder of hypersomnolence others include narcolepsy, type 1 and type 2, and Kleine-Levin syndrome. Idiopathic hypersomnia is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, uncontrollable need to sleep with long unrefreshing naps, and difficulty waking up from sleep in most instances despite average or longer amounts of nocturnal sleep for at least three months. Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a rare chronic sleep disorder introduced by Bedrich Roth in Prague in 1956. ![]() Review treatment options for idiopathic hypersomnia.Outline differential diagnoses of hypersomnolence.Describe signs and symptoms of idiopathic hypersomnia.This activity highlights the role of the interprofessional team in evaluating and managing patients with idiopathic hypersomnia. Although IH is a diagnosis of exclusion, electrophysiological testing, including polysomnography and mean sleep latency test remain crucial to establish the diagnosis. Current subtypes are based on the length of total sleep time- Idiopathic Hypersomnia with long sleep time and idiopathic hypersomnia without long sleep time. The subtypes and diagnostic criteria for the diseases have been debated in the past. Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a central disorder of hypersomnolence, with the primary complaint being the irresistible need to sleep and waking up non-refreshed despite the prolonged duration of sleep. ![]()
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