COPD causes 115,000 emergency admissions and 24,000 deaths per year, and 16,000 deaths within 90 days of admission in England A total of 29,776 people died from COPD in 2012, accounting for 5.3% of the total number of UK deaths and 26.1% of deaths from lung disease Įxacerbations contribute significantly to morbidity in COPD, with a greater exacerbation frequency associated with increasing severity of disease It is not clear whether this is because it is becoming more common or whether it is being diagnosed more accurately Īlong with lung cancer and pneumonia, COPD is one of the three leading contributors to respiratory mortality in developed countries such as the UK People from a lower socio-economic status are more likely to be diagnosed with COPD, but its overall prevalence is increasing too. This disease is thought to have been diagnosed in around 1.2 million people in the UK however, it is believed that around 2 million more people are as yet undiagnosed. Limited therapies are available to reduce mortality, although there have been advances in therapy to help relieve symptoms and prevent exacerbations. It is a preventable disease, mainly caused by tobacco smoking, but can also be a result of occupational exposure or exposure to biomass fuel and air pollution Currently, it is the fourth leading cause of death globally, but owing to increased exposure to risk factors and an increasingly ageing population, it is predicted to become the third leading cause of death by 2020 ĬOPD is characterised by persistent breathlessness, sputum production and/or cough, owing to airflow limitation that does not generally vary from day to day. As there is no difference in cost or safety between UK-licensed combination inhalers within each class, the choice of which inhaler to prescribe should be based on the patient’s preferences.Ĭhronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide.Triple-combination inhalers (ICS/LABA/LAMA) achieve incrementally greater reduction in exacerbation rates compared with LABA/LAMA inhalers.LABA/LAMA inhalers may prevent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations to a greater extent than inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/LABA inhalers, without the risk of pneumonia from inhaled corticosteroids.Dual long-acting bronchodilator (long-acting beta 2 agonist /long-acting muscarinic antagonist ) inhalers achieve clinical and statistically greater improvements in lung function and patient outcomes than placebo, and smaller but important improvements compared with long-acting bronchodilator inhaler monotherapy.Fixed-dose combination inhalers offer advantages to patients by simplifying complex inhaler regimens.Inhalers should be prescribed by brand.Original submitted: 17 July 2018 Revised submitted: 11 October 2018 Accepted for publication: 16 October 2018. Keywords: Administration adrenergic beta 2 receptor agonists chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD drug therapy inhaled corticosteroids muscarinic antagonists. This article explores the evidence base for long-acting beta 2 agonists, long-acting muscarinic antagonists and inhaled corticosteroids for the management of COPD within the context of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines. The role of blood eosinophils in phenotyping patients most likely to respond to inhaled corticosteroids still remains a matter of debate. For the majority of patients with COPD or severe breathlessness, inhaled corticosteroids are not as effective as originally believed. The range of inhaled therapies available expanded significantly in early 2018, and the place in therapy for combination inhalers in particular remains unclear. COPD prevalence is increasing as a result of the ageing population, and is predicted to become the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2020. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services ResearchĪbstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to healthcare professionals working in the respiratory field.International Journal of Pharmacy Practice.Antimicrobial resistance and stewardship.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |